Every commercial property in England falls under a "use class" — a planning category that determines what kind of business can lawfully operate there. Understanding the use class of a unit is one of the first things to check before viewing.
Why use class matters
Changing between some use classes requires planning permission, while others are allowed automatically. Getting this wrong can mean costly delays or an unlawful use of the premises.
Worth checking early: the current lawful use class of a unit with the local planning authority, especially if your business doesn't match what the premises was last used for.
Broad categories to be aware of
- Commercial, Business and Service (Class E) — covers many shops, offices, cafés, and services, with flexibility to switch between some uses within the class
- Sui generis — uses that stand outside the main classes, such as pubs, drive-throughs and certain leisure uses, usually needing individual planning permission to change
- Industrial and storage — covers general industrial, storage and distribution uses
Can a landlord restrict my use class?
Yes — a lease can restrict permitted use to a narrower category than planning law otherwise allows, so always check the lease itself alongside the planning position.
Who do I ask to confirm a use class?
The local planning authority holds the definitive record, and a commercial agent or solicitor can help interpret it in the context of your specific business plans.
This guide is for general information only and is not planning advice. Always confirm the current use class and any restrictions with the local planning authority.